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The weather is getting colder and there is heavy snow in some parts of the north, but excavator drivers are still struggling at the front line of construction. Winter construction will inevitably have some impact on excavators. If it is not done well, excavators will "hibernate" and go on strike. Experienced old drivers give everyone tips to prepare for winter construction in advance.



1、 Get ready


1. For drivers, it is a prerequisite to wear warm clothes. They can choose wind-resistant assault jackets or down jackets, and they can choose down rain boots for shoes. If you still need to ride a motorcycle, you can't have fewer helmets and raincoats. The most important thing is to cheer up and pay attention to safety at all times.


2. In winter, a bottle of starting fluid shall be brought on the excavator for construction in case of use.


3. The fuel shall be replaced with the corresponding type of fuel according to the temperature in advance. The farther north, the more fuel will be added, and the fuel filter shall also be replaced. The fuel oil shall be selected according to the air temperature. The diesel oil grade is divided according to the freezing point of diesel oil. At present, the light diesel oil used in China is divided into 7 grades according to the freezing point:


10# diesel: suitable for high-speed diesel engines with heating equipment;


5# diesel: suitable for use when the temperature is above 8 ℃;


0# diesel oil: suitable for use when the air temperature is between 8 ℃ and 4 ℃;


-10# diesel: suitable for use when the air temperature is between 4 ℃ and - 5 ℃;


-20# diesel: suitable for use at - 5 ℃ to - 14 ℃;


-35# diesel: suitable for use at - 14 ℃ to - 29 ℃;


-50# diesel: suitable for use when the temperature is between - 29 ℃ and - 44 ℃ or lower, and in Xinjiang, Tibet, Heilongjiang and other regions.


4. Replace the thickened engine oil and engine oil filter. The engine oil needs to select the corresponding grade according to different temperatures:


10W resistance to external low temperature - 25 ℃;


15W resistance to external low temperature - 20 ℃;


20W resistance to external low temperature - 15 ℃.


5. Replace antifreeze


1) The freezing point of antifreeze shall be selected according to the ambient temperature conditions. Generally, the antifreeze shall be 10-15 ℃ lower than the local environment. If the local ambient temperature is - 20 ℃, the freezing point of antifreeze shall be less than - 30 ℃.


2) Antifreeze of different brands or brands shall not be mixed to avoid chemical reaction and damage their comprehensive anti-corrosion ability. Try not to be convenient, but must be completely replaced at one time.


3) Four seasons universal antifreeze is selected. This type of antifreeze has good long-term stability. It is not only suitable in winter, but also can play the role of coolant in summer. Although the price is slightly higher than the general antifreeze, it is conducive to the maintenance of the cooling system and does not need to be replaced frequently.


4) Check the engine cooling system frequently for leakage.



2、 What if the excavator doesn't start?


There are many reasons why the excavator can't start in winter. For troubleshooting the machine, there are the following common problems.


1. Battery power loss


In winter, the temperature is low, the gap between sulfate ions and water molecules is large, and the moving speed also becomes slow, which shows that the battery power is insufficient. The maintenance of the battery in winter is also very important. Sometimes it can be found that even if the main power switch is turned off before work, the battery power is still insufficient the next day. The safest way is to remove the battery after work and store it in a cool and dry place, but this method should also be adopted according to the weather conditions, especially when it is cold and snowy.


2. Insufficient preheating


Generally, preheating is divided into two methods: air preheating and combustion chamber glow plug heating. Ordinary engines are air preheating. We can find that the old excavators did not have preheating function in the past and often need to spray starting fluid to help preheat. However, many new machines now have this function, usually at the cab start switch, before the excavator is started, Generally, warm up for 5-10 minutes before starting the excavator.


3. The bottom of the diesel tank is frozen, resulting in blocked oil circuit


Usually, this problem can be avoided by discharging the water before it is frozen. In winter, we are used to adding antifreeze to the excavator, but we should pay attention not to mix it with water, otherwise the effect will be greatly reduced. In some places in the south, the temperature is not low, and there are only a few days in rainy and snowy days. Before the rain and snow comes, it is only necessary to discharge the cooling water. However, it should be noted that before flameout, run at idle speed. When the cooling water temperature drops below 60 ℃ and the water is not hot, turn off the engine and discharge the water. Install the discharged water in a bucket and put it in the cab. It is also possible to add it the next day. Of course, if conditions permit, it is also a way to add appropriate hot water, but do not pour hot water into other parts.


4. The oil viscosity is too high


High oil viscosity can cause:

1) It is difficult to start the engine at low temperature. When the engine starts at low temperature, the oil flow resistance is too large and the oil feeding is slow. Although the oil pressure display is high enough, the time from engine start to oil entering the friction surface is too long and the wear is seriously increased due to the poor pumping performance of the oil.

2) Because the oil viscosity is too large, the torque required for crankshaft rotation is too large and the speed is low when the engine is started, which directly causes the difficulty of ignition.

3) High power loss and high viscosity of engine oil increase the friction resistance between parts and increase the friction loss power; At the same time, the resistance of the crankshaft to stir the oil will also increase, which reduces the efficiency of the engine.


If the engine oil viscosity is too high to start, contact the corresponding engine oil in time.



3、 Wrong method


Tell us something we can't do.


1. Start with open flame


Some people take down the air filter, use cotton yarn dipped in diesel oil to ignite it, make it into a igniter, put it in the intake pipe for combustion supporting start, and even use the methods of "burning the oil tank" and "smoking the engine". This seems possible, but in fact, it may damage the engine at first, or burn the machine at last.


2. Discharge water too early or do not discharge cooling water


At this time, if it is not handled properly, the engine block may expand and crack or shrink suddenly.


3. Choose fuel at will


The low temperature in winter makes the fluidity of diesel worse, the viscosity increases, it is not easy to spray, resulting in poor atomization. Therefore, the model of diesel should be selected according to 7-10 ℃ lower than the local minimum temperature in the current season.




When the excavator is shut down, it is more necessary to store the excavator well. If you master the common maintenance methods of these excavators in winter, you can safely prepare for winter construction. At the same time, the most important thing is to pay more attention to the weather forecast and pay attention to construction safety at all times.